ABSTRACT
Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate analgesic activity of ethanolic extract, methanol and benzene fraction of Myristica fragrans on wistar albino rats.Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of pharmacology JNMC AMU and F.H. Medical College, Agra. The analgesic activity was evaluated by employing the Eddy’s hot plate method and tail flick response method. In both the tests, Rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g were used. The total number of animals n=36 were allocated to six groups. Each group consist of six animals each. The response noted in animals that were tested by hot plate method was reaction time for licking/biting of both the paws before and after administration of control & test drugs. However in Tail flick test, the pain threshold response was recorded before and after administration of control & test drugs. The statistical analysis was done by using one-way ANOVA. The data is expressed as Mean±SEM. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Ethanolic extracts and methanol fraction of M. fragrans showed statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in reaction time for licking/biting in hot plate method. On the contrary a significant increase in pain threshold was also recorded in tail flick response test. It is interesting to note that no significant degree of analgesia related to any dose of benzene fraction was observed.Conclusions: The present study reveals the dose dependent significant analgesic activity of the extracts of M. fragrans i.e. ethanolic extracts and methanol fraction in both the test. However, the degree of analgesia was recorded significantly higher in groups received higher doses of extracts of M. fragrans.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major resistant pathogens extremely adaptable to antibiotic pressure. Nigella sativa (black cumin) seed extracts and essential oil have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against several bacteria but little work has been done on their effect against multidrug resistant S. aureus strains isolated from patients. So, we studied antibacterial activity of Nigella sativa against multidrug resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. It was an experimental, in vitro study. Materials and methods: Nigella sativa (black cumin) seed essential oil and extracts were tested in varying dilutions against 40 clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus which were isolated from patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India using disc agar diffusion technique on inoculated Muellar Hinton agar plates under standard laboratory conditions. The tested strains were resistant to 4 or more clinically used antibiotics belonging to at least 3 different classes. Results: The Methanolic extract and oil of Nigella sativa were found active against 38 and 35 multi-drug resistant strains respectively. Both the oil and Methanolic extract showed remarkable dose dependant antibacterial activity against the tested strains up to a dilution of 1:50 as evident from the zones of inhibition. Conclusion: Nigella sativa possesses antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus
ABSTRACT
Background: Asthma is common chronic disease worldwide. Methylxanthines has been used in the treatment of asthma. The study was undertaken to compare two Methylxanthines theophylline and doxofylline at doses recommended and commonly used in clinical practice in Mild Bronchial Asthma Patients. Methods: Study was conducted in patients of Mild Bronchial Asthma in TB and chest disease department of a medical college hospital. It was randomized, prospective and open label. A total of 107 patients were divided in two group .Group I was administered 400 mg theophylline SR once daily and group II was administered doxofylline 400 mg twice a day orally. Spirometric variables symptom score, and adverse effects were recorded on day 0, 7 and 21 of therapy. Data were compared and analysed using SPSS version 16. Results: Results of the study showed that there was significant improvement in spirometric variables and clinical symptom score compared to pretreatment values after medication in both groups on 7th and 21st days of treatment. But there was no statistically significant difference between improvement in theophylline and doxofylline groups with respect to spirometric variables and symptom score. There was no significant difference in two groups with respect to side effects (p>0.05). Conclusions: It is concluded in Patients of mild Bronchial Asthma Theophylline and doxofylline improve the spirometric and clinical symptoms and doxofylline has no advantage over theophylline in terms of either efficacy or safety on the doses commonly used in current clinical practice.